Biography of Benjamin Banneker, Author and Naturalist

Life story of Benjamin Banneker, Author and Naturalist Benjamin Banneker (November 9, 1731â€October 9, 1806) was a self-taught researcher, stargazer, innovator, author, and abolitionist marketing specialist. He manufactured a striking clock completely from wood, distributed a ranchers chronological registry, and effectively battled against subjection. He was one of the primary African Americans to pick up qualification for accomplishments in science. Quick Facts: Benjamin Banneker Known For: Banneker was an author, innovator, and naturalist who distributed a progression of ranchers chronological registries in the late 1700s.Born: November 9, 1731 in Baltimore County, MarylandParents: Robert and Mary BannekyDied: October 9, 1806 in Oella, MarylandPublished Works: Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland and Virginia Almanac and Ephemeris, for the Year of our Lord, 1792Notable Quote: â€Å"The shade of the skin is not the slightest bit associated with quality of the psyche or scholarly powers.† Early Life Benjamin Banneker was conceived on November 9, 1731, in Baltimore County, Maryland. In spite of the fact that he was brought into the world a liberated individual, he was the relative of slaves. Around then, the law directed that on the off chance that your mom was a slave, at that point you were a slave, and in the event that she was a liberated individual, at that point you were a free individual. Bannekers grandma Molly Walsh was a bi-racial English worker and a contracted slave who wedded an African slave named Banna Ka, who had been brought to the Colonies by a slave dealer. Molly had served seven years as a contractually bound slave before she gained and took a shot at her own little ranch. Molly Walsh bought her future spouse Banna Ka and another African to deal with her ranch. The name Banna Ka was later changed to Bannaky and afterward changed to Banneker. Benjamins mother Mary Banneker was brought into the world free. Benjamins father Rodger was a previous slave who had pur chased his own opportunity before wedding Mary. Instruction Banneker was instructed by Quakers, yet the greater part of his training was self-educated. He immediately uncovered to the world his imaginative nature and first accomplished national approval for his logical work in the 1791 review of the Federal Territory (presently Washington, D.C.). In 1753, he assembled one of the principal watches made in America, a wooden pocket watch. After twenty years, Banneker started making galactic estimations that empowered him to effectively conjecture a 1789 sun powered obscuration. His gauge, made well ahead of time of the heavenly occasion, negated expectations of better-known mathematicians and space experts. Bannekers mechanical and scientific capacities dazzled many, including Thomas Jefferson, who experienced Banneker after George Elliot had suggested him for the reviewing group that spread out Washington, D.C. Chronological registries Banneker is most popular for his six yearly ranchers chronicles, which he distributed somewhere in the range of 1792 and 1797. In his leisure time, Banneker started arranging the Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, and Virginia Almanac and Ephemeris. The chronicles remembered data for prescriptions and clinical treatment and recorded tides, cosmic data, and obscurations, all determined by Banneker himself. Numerous history specialists accept that the first printed chronicle dates to 1457 and was printed by Gutenberg in Mentz, Germany. Benjamin Franklin distributed his Poor Richards Almanacs in America from 1732 to 1758. Franklin utilized the expected name of Richard Saunders and composed clever sayings in his chronological registries, for example, Light handbag, overwhelming heart and Hunger never observed terrible bread. Bannekers chronicles, however they showed up later, were more centered around conveying exact data than on imparting Bannekers individual perspectives. Letter to Thomas Jefferson On August 19, 1791, Banneker sent a duplicate of his first chronicle to Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson. In an encased letter, he scrutinized the slaveholders truthfulness as a companion to freedom. He encouraged Jefferson to help dispose of ridiculous and bogus thoughts that one race is better than another. Banneker wanted Jeffersons estimations to be equivalent to his, that one Universal Father...afforded every one of us similar sensations and enriched all of us with similar resources. Jefferson reacted with acclaim for Bannekers achievements: I thank you earnestly for your letter of the nineteenth and for the Almanac it contained. No body wishes more than I do to consider such to be as you display, that nature has given to our dark brethren, gifts equivalent to those of different shades of men, that the presence of a need of them is owing simply to the corrupted state of their reality both in Africa America...I have ventured to send your chronological registry to Monsieur de Condorcet, Secretary of the Academy of sciences at Paris, and individual from the Philanthropic culture since I considered it as a record to which your entire shading had an ideal for their defense against the questions which have been engaged of them. Jefferson later sent a letter to the Marquis de Condorcet illuminating him about Banneker-an entirely good mathematician-and his work with Andrew Ellicott, the assessor who denoted the limits of the Territory of Columbia (later the District of Columbia). Passing Declining chronological registry deals in the end constrained Banneker to surrender his work. He kicked the bucket at home on October 9, 1806, at 74 years old. Banneker was covered at Mount Gilboa African Methodist Episcopal Church in Oella, Maryland. Inheritance Bannekers life turned into the wellspring of legend after his demise, with many ascribing certain achievements to him for which there is almost no proof in the chronicled record. His developments and chronicles roused later ages, and in 1980 the U.S. Postal Service gave a stamp in his respect as a component of the Black Heritage arrangement. In 1996, various Bannekers individual things were sold, and some of them were later credited to the Benjamin Banneker Historical Park and Museum. Some of Bannekers individual original copies, including the main journalâ that endure the 1806 fire that decimated his house, are in the ownership of the Maryland Historical Society. Sources Cerami, Charles A. Benjamin Banneker Surveyor, Astronomer, Publisher, Patriot. John Wiley, 2002.Miller, John Chester. The Wolf by the Ears: Thomas Jefferson and Slavery. College Press of Virginia, 1995.Weatherly, Myra. Benjamin Banneker: American Scientific Pioneer. Compass Point Books, 2006.

Wonderful Life Essays - , Term Papers, Research Papers

Magnificent Life You have been prepared to proceed onward for a long while But perhaps not all that prepared to let go Of all that you know (Your companions, your family, and all the sweet recollections) In any case, you need to recall There is an actual existence to be lived and a delightful world to be seen There are new companions and more recollections to make And the world is simply going to prop up with or without you Don't let dread keep you away From taking that chance Sacrifice, snicker, cry, give, learn love Just let yourself proceed to live the life that you need Find yourself and be courageous Discover the world that anticipates you what's more, appreciate this superb life.

SAT Argumentative Essay Samples

SAT Argumentative Essay SamplesIf you're looking for a little advice about writing your SAT argumentative essay sample, then this article was written for you. A lot of students have come to realize that they can find good guidelines for their essay writing with the help of online sources. Of course, there are lots of good tutorials, books and even writers who will tell you how to write a good essay.However, if you are an introvert, you can find a way to turn your weaknesses into your full potential. SAT argumentative essay samples contain some elements that would be appropriate for your personality. A number of studies have shown that you can use some of these components to improve your essay in more than one way.Remember that when you are writing an essay, you should always make sure that you are writing something that is of value to your audience. Of course, this is not an easy task. You have to be very specific about what you want to say, so that your words are loaded with persuas ive force.After that, you have to analyze your essay carefully. When you are analyzing your essay, keep in mind what is in relation to the main theme of your topic. Make sure that you also ask yourself what you can add to your essay to make it interesting.SAT argumentative essay samples can usually help you increase your persuasive power by being more specific in your ideas. In addition, make sure that you are able to answer each question that is asked of you. This is going to make your argument more solid.You can use SAT argumentative essay samples to help you get an idea of how you can use the concepts that you will find in your essays. You can read over them again. In fact, this can help you improve the quality of your writing and help you find ways to organize your thoughts in order to improve your essay.After you've taken the time to read over SAT argumentative essay samples, make sure that you take action. Take a look at them again, and consider what you can do to improve your essay writing skills. You will not find a much better way to learn how to write a better essay than studying those sample essays.Remember that writing an essay is a huge process. It is not going to be completed in a day. Although you can find several writing tips that will help you, they won't be able to help you write your essay if you don't take the time to revise your ideas.

Television And The Legal Profession Of Television

When one thinks about powerful lawyers in TV Shows or movies the first people that tend to come to mind are men. When you think of famous or popular movies that feature lawyers, you think of A Few Good Men, To Kill a Mockingbird, or And Justice for All, just to name a few, all with male leads. When you think of popular movies that feature female lawyers those that come to mind are Legally Blonde or Erin Brockavich, and Brockavich was a paralegal, not a lawyer. But when you think of TV Shows that feature or star female lawyers the list becomes longer and with more distinguished roles. There is Jessica Pearson from Suits the managing partner at her law firm, Annalise Keating from How to get Away with Murder that†¦show more content†¦It says a lot about how female lawyers are portrayed in films that in one of the most famous legal films starring a woman, she is working for a man and not even a lawyer. Another film that comes to mind when one thinks about famous l egal films starring women is Legally Blonde. This film star Reese Witherspoon who plays the ditzy blonde Elle Woods who decides to go to Harvard Law School simply to follow her ex-boyfriend who is going there. The very premise of the movie does nothing to present the female lead as a strong character because she wears pink and is part of a sorority and the only reason she is going to Harvard Law School is because she wants to win back her well off ex-boyfriend. This completely under plays how intelligent one has to be to get into Harvard Law School because you need a 172 or more on the LSAT and that fact that she is able to get such a score suggests that she is intelligent, but she is presented as an air head. Not a very powerful female model to follow. Yet some how, this movie and Erin Brockavich are presented as some of the movies that young professional women need to watch by Levo.com. There is also sometimes the situation in moves like A Few Good Men in which Lieutenant Com mander Joanne Galloway, who was originally given the murder trial, was passed over for first chair and the case

Impact Of E Commerce Of Fmcg Sector Essay - 1362 Words

Impact of E-commerce of FMCG Sector Grocery and FMCG sales together constitute approximately 62% of the Indian retail sales, both unorganized and organized (Modern retail and E-commerce) sectors combined. Organized retail in India is growing its share in India but modern trade has not taken off the way it should have because of various reasons very specific to India. Entire generation of Indian youth is thus directly leapfrogging to e-commerce from shopping in convenience ‘Mom Pop’ stores. Consequently, it can be concluded that e commerce will grow in India as Organized retail notches up its share but it will grow more at the expense of Modern trade. And as modern trade outlets and chains are important to FMCGs, they cannot remain oblivious to growing clout of ecommerce industry that can substantially impact their sales. With dropping Smartphone prices, current base of 213 million internet users is poised to grow fast, which in turn, will boost e-commerce cells. Worldwide, it is found that, Smartphone penetration and percentage of total FMCG sales through e-commerce platform are very strongly correlated. Country Smartphone Penetration % of FMCG sales through e-commerce South Korea 80% 10.2% Germany 50% 0.8% China 70% 0.9% (But growing very fast) Brazil 29% 0.1% India 10% ? India lags behind than most other developed or developing countries in terms of Smartphone penetration but it needs to be taken into cognizance that India has unparalleled demographic dividend unlikeShow MoreRelatedThe Impact Of The Gst System In India1131 Words   |  5 Pagesbehind the hitherto lead Sweden at 25%. These complete transformations of the tax regime system from July 1st is going to have a deep impact in supply chain in India like in other sectors: A. FMCG sector: The Indian FMCG sector is the fourth largest sector in the economy with a total market size in excess of US$ 13.1 billion. 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While ITC is an outstanding market leader in its traditional businesses of Cigarettes, Hotels, Paperboards, Packaging and Agri-Exports, it is rapidly gaining market share even in its nascent businesses of Packaged Foods Confectionery, BrandedRead MoreIdentifying Differences Among Businesses2686 Words   |  11 Pagesto finished products.’(www.soltempo.com) The fast-moving-consumer-goods (FMCG) can be defined as ‘the retail goods with a short shelf life either as a result of high consumer demand or because the product deteriorates rapidly.’ (www.graduateopportunities.com) For instance, meat, fruit and vegetable, dairy products are perishable FMCG and alcohol, toiletries and cleaning products are FMCG with high turnover rates. B2B marketing is according to Wright (2004) ‘where

I Have A Career Centered On Children - 1786 Words

I have always planned to have a career centered on children. I know I could give meaning and fulfillment to the lives of children to dispel any thoughts that they could not succeed. My belief that each child is capable of a multitude of tasks with practice and adaptation was the deciding factor for eliminating careers I did not want to pursue. After years of working with children who have disabilities in different settings, I learned Pediatric Occupational Therapy was the best fit for me. The work of an OT includes the ability to capitalize on each child’s strengths, encouraging the best outcome for a healthy thriving child and later a jovial, independent, prosperous adult. There is nothing more effective to ensure the future of a *better†¦show more content†¦To me, that meant that having a disorder or delay did not mean one was irrevocably doomed, it meant that the authentic inner being could be nurtured and encouraged to bloom, with the right environment. During my first year at Lasell College, I learned about the effects of early medication. I specifically remember watching required videos for a developmental psychology course. The videos were about children who had been on medication for one year to ten years and highlighted the side effects they were facing. In some cases, the side effects were permanent. The side effects often required secondary and tertiary medications to quell the consequential symptoms, such as ticks, from the original medication. It seemed to me that children under the age of 10 were on numerous medications that were snowballing into a conglomerate of repercussions that could last a lifetime. It appeared that this method caused more stress and didn’t give children any space for either natural or therapy guided development.* I eventually left school at Lasell and continued my college career at the University of Southern Maine. During my time at USM, I took a creative class, Therapeutic Touch, along with psychology courses. Therapeutic Touch is a course about energy work, chakras, and using color and intentions to heal. One of the required books for the class explained the

The Cost Benefit Analysis Of Economic Evaluation †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Cost Benefit Analysis Of Economic Evaluation. Answer: The cost benefit principle is one important aspect related to economic decision making. It estimates the monetary value of costs and benefits to the participant of an activity. This estimates economic value of a project. Thee cost benefit analysis determines the net worth of an economic decision. The cost benefit analysis can be applied to any projects such as dams, health care projects, highways or training. Cost and benefits are the primary factors to be considered while taking any decision. Benefits refers to the gain enjoyed by small business, families and community while cost of an activity is the purchase, sales, investment and other related expenditure. The concept though similar to that of value maximization but has a thin line of difference. The cost benefit principle is based on the assumption that behind every decision there must be some gain and some costs. Sometimes cost comes in indirect way such as opportunity cost (Nas, 2016). For example, while investing in a project the opportunity cost is not investing the money in some other way. The basic objective of any decision is to consider the tradeoff between benefit and cost and each time minimize the cost over benefit received. The cost benefit analysis is considered as a pure economic evaluation where costs and benefits are projected in money terms. It represents profit aspect of a project in relation to cost that needs to be carried out. The possible quantitative measurement through cost benefit analysis does not imply that all projects needs to be selected by only considering monetary value (Boardman et al., 2017). In this case, the cost benefit analysis involves numerical figures. However, care should be given on reliability of the findings related to benefits and costs. However, there is a broad interpretation of this principle. There are situations in which neither it is possible nor compulsory to present all the benefits and costs in monetary terms. Under this circumstances, benefits are simply evaluated with some other means like physical units. This does not however reduce the importance of this principles. Consider for example, the benefits of saving life of a human being can never be measured in monetary terms. Nevertheless, cost benefit analysis still provides a useful measure for capturing cost of such operations (Mishan, 2015). There are possible circumstances where quantitative measurement of benefit is not possible either in money terms or in physical units. Then benefit is abandoned from the analysis and the decision is taken only based on cost. The objective then is to accomplish the activity at least possible cost. With the help to cost benefit analysis resources are channeled to the projects where it can yield highest possible gain measured as net benefit to the society. Maximizing net benefit implies attainment of maximum social utility (Hyman, 2014). Costs are usually measured by marginal cost while benefits are reflected from the demand function. Without cost benefit analysis any economic activity involves possible risk of unprofitable operation with wastage of resources and time. References Nas, T. F. (2016).Cost-benefit analysis: Theory and application. Lexington Books. Boardman, A. E., Greenberg, D. H., Vining, A. R., Weimer, D. L. (2017).Cost-benefit analysis: concepts and practice. Cambridge University Press. Mishan, E. J. (2015).Elements of Cost-Benefit Analysis (Routledge Revivals). Routledge. Hyman, D. N. (2014).Public finance: A contemporary application of theory to policy. Cengage Learning.

The Inn on Cortes Island

The tourism industry in British Columbia has been growing rapidly over the past years thus making it quite possible for hotels within the hospitality industry such as Cortes In to enjoy more commercial success. As of the year 2000, the region had over 22 million visitors who raked in an amazing $ 10 million.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on The Inn on Cortes Island specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Additionally, the tourism mix of the district of British Columbia did not only come from locals but also from foreigners ensuring that demand is stable. Despite the fact that business opportunities did present themselves for those within the hospitality industry in Cortes Island, it apparently became difficult for those within the tourism industry especially inns such as The Inn on Cortes Island due to the threats on tourism industry that were brought by the 9-11-01 attack by terrorists that reduced tourist traffic. Issues of human resource availability and skill levels of those employees expected to serve within the industry also made it hard for the industry to flourish due to the perception jobs within that industry did not pay well. Additionally, the outbreak of SARS and the west Nile virus made it hard for the tourism industry to flourish. The Task environment within the Island was suitable and good for business considering that the industry raked in over $ 10billion annually. Vancouver was well known for its business expos and this had made British Columbia a respected destination in the tourism industry attracting millions of people especially during expos which brought the society together. The only form of political hostility arose from terrorism activities that followed 9-11 bombings. The availability of websites, DVD/CD technology available to customers meant that the customer experience was maximized. The task environment was thus highly favorable due to the fairly good political, economic and socio-economic culture that was good for tourists arriving from local and international destinations. The Hotel and hospitality industry within British Columbia was a free and fair industry in accordance with the principles of free market economy, meaning that just as Jonathan Armitage entered the industry since he had the capital, any other participant could to enter the industry. This fact made the threat of entry quite high within the market. Due to the fact that there were other many similar Inns and resorts in the region, some of which were in the high end and low end of the market this meant that consumers had a wider range from which they could choose from. Thus, making the business environment even more competitive.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Hollyhock retreat resort is one such resort that offered camping facilities which can serve as a substi tute for hotel rooms. Despite the unique ambience of the ICI, the presence of camping sites and Rustic dorm rooms have in some way increased the threat from substitute products because individuals who don’t opt to sleep in rooms may go to tents hoping to get close to nature. The product and service The Inn at Cortes Island is an establishment that targeted mainly middle income earners who paid somewhat average fees to enjoy their services (the average fee per room is $ 225 and $ 110 per cabin). These prices were found to be suitable for middle income earners who frequently toured the Inn and recommended it to others. The problem is that the price is too high for some target customers turning them away. The Inn had both rooms and cabin spaces facing the beach, Jacuzzi tubs, fireplaces, DVD/CD players for entertainment, and high quality linen in rooms, that were suitable for couples, tourists and even weeding events. Additionally, apart from offering sleep facilities the Inn al so provides local gourmets and exclusive food. The product design should also be differentiated for high end customers. The design of the room was quite cool because it was done by artists who ensured that earth tones were used to create an atmosphere of relaxation which was expected by the customers. In addition, the rooms and furniture ware fitted with high quality linen to ensure that the place looked good. The design of place has no weakness. The Inn used its website as part of their promotion tool and thus designed it properly. Additionally, the hotel depended upon word of mouth to promote its brand.ICI management also hired A media consultancy farm to create publicity for them occasionally. The current promotion efforts are not enough and should be more vigorous. Market segment The intended market of The inn Cortes Island was tourists and locals who especially fell under the middle class bracket of the economy who were searching for a unique spot that had the best ambience. Th e segmentation is good and highly attractive having no weakness. Other competitors within the Island were Hollyhock Retreat Resort and April Point, which provided high end services; also there were other many resorts and Inns in the Island which could provide services similar to ICI’s thus making competition stiffer. Because the Inn did not offer high end services it is bit of a disappointment for customers with high end needs.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on The Inn on Cortes Island specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The competitive advantage of ICI was the Inn had unique ambience and design, a good website and world-class cooks together with the availability of capital to expand the business. The Inn serves the affluent middle class who need to run away from the busy urban environment and go to the Island to watch and enjoy nature. Customers visiting this inn usually wish to have some peace and spend time with their loved ones. The technology The availability of a beautifully designed website has made it quite easier for the Inn to access its clients and serve them better. Also other technologies such as the availability of DVD/CD players for entertainment have ensured that guests who visit the place are well catered for in terms of entertainment. Management Jonathan is the sole shareholder and CEO the Inn. He decided to hire someone who would take the position of a general manager to ensure a smoother day to day running of the organization. ICI has its organizational structure divided into four main functional divisions, which include the front desk, housekeeping, maintenance and grounds, and food services each of this functional area is headed by an individual manager. At the beginning, the owner had decided to hire a mother and son team with the mother serving as the general manager while the son serving as the chief chef but the decision turned out to be a bad one the forci ng the owner to employ a more experienced and professional general manager, Edward Bourgogne. Upon his arrival the general manager put in place new systems and brought in a new chief chef Jackie Newcome, a move that saw improvement in the relationship and quality of work in the Kitchen. Investment-Pay Back Exit Plan The construction of the Inn was made possible by the help of loans and the forecasted Revenues are expected to assist the shareholder to repay the loans. The management forecast expects that approximately 70% occupancy rate of the Cabin throughout the year will be needed in repaying the loan. The bank current total loans have accumulated to $4.8 million, with the latest loan awarded to ICI being $1.8 million the current twelve-monthly principal and interest payments are expected to be around $38,700 per month, which will be spread across loan repayment schedule of 240 months. The business expects to make revenues of $2.2milion and this is expected to increase by 10% with in the following year although no profits are expected in first two years as the company is expected to start breaking even in the third year of its operations. This will ensure that the company repays its loans comfortably.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Tables Table 1. The Business Environment Opportunities Threats Political The resort was established after an approval was made by the local council, federal fisheries department and island trust The state supports tourism industry The September 11 incidence brought a decline of the number of tourists in British Columbia Economic The state puts tourism as a major source of the nations revenue totaling to about $10 billion from a total of 22.5 million overnight visitors Downturn in the economic position of the state reduces overall demand of services and products Societal The resort has established a reputation as being a family oriented resort Most residents residing in and around the result are frequent visitors The population present is small constraining the availability of staff People look at tourism sector with no good employment opportunities due to low pay Technological The resorts website provide quality and in-depth information to its c ustomers and aspiring visitors The media firm offers the resort an opportunity to avail information about the resort to the people for publicity purposes Not each person is conversant with new technologies Table 2. Industry Conditions Competitive Conditions High Neutral Low Threat of new entrants x Bargaining power of customers x Bargaining power of suppliers x Threat of substitutes x Intensity of competition x Key success factors Table 3. Financial Size-Up Strengths Weaknesses Profitability and Cash Flow: Has helped improve its dining room to fit in a world class menu It has also helped them estimate the expansion expenses needed Strains the relationship between the resort management and the banks Liquidity: Helpful for short term financial issues enabling the business meet its current obligation It can uncover the weaknesses in the financial position of the resort especially during bank scrutiny of the resort Stability : Indicates the strong interim profit performance of the resort The stability record may not be convincing to the banks due to poor timing for expansion plans Efficiency: Serves as standardized metrics to measure financial efficiency for investment opportunities Unexpected cash flow models may be used which will not much up predictions made Growth: the continuous interim performance of the Inn contributes to the need of wanting to undertake cabin expansion Constraints from financial sources hence intense scrutiny by the bank Table 4. Marketing Size-Up Strengths Weaknesses Market tactics Price Product Place Promotion The target market for the resort is the middle come earners meaning the place it quite affordable. It has a good reputation for food and beverage service. It’s situated along the richly stretched sandy beach with boldly well constructed rooms giving an earthling feeling that are featured with Jacuzzi tubs fire places dvd/c d players. In terms of product promotion, it has a media consultancy department that deals with publication for publicity purpose including a comprehensive website. Infatuation of the tourism industry leads to constant changes in the market especially in pricing Market analysis Segmentation Competition Competitive Advantage Customer Needs Its market segmentation targets the middle class hence affordable to many The resort is situated in a secluded area that is quite different from the urban environment It also enjoys an upscale world class menu for its clients Expansion plans will be an added advantage to the resorts competitors as it will attract more visitors The media consult department is a major advantage to the resort as it’s able to publicize to its target market. The poor cannot afford the resort facilities The product needs to be differentiated in market segmentation to provide high class customer services. Market strategy execution The strateg y was executed properly through positioning and segmentation giving ICI a good and definite market which it intended to serve. The management could have been more vigorous on implementing the strategy by launching more serious comprehensive campaigns. Table 5. Operations Size-Up Strengths Weaknesses Operations process Business operation are well managed hence the constant profit result Lack of organized and permanent staff Members Risk management issues The expansion plan is seen as A major project that will increase the number of visitors coming to the resort Its expansion plan is a risk taking step Legal issues Do not exist Do not exist Location issues Its strategic position creates a Good environment that is peaceful and fresh as compared to the city life Less staff for the resort due to low population size Use of technology Gives comprehensive information about the resort. Provides entertainment opportunity to the visitors Not each person is conversant with new technologies Table 6. Human Resource Size-Up Strengths Weaknesses Human Resource function Recruitment and Hiring Training and Development Compensation, Performance and Incentives Staff hiring and training was at first done quickly To retain staff members staff housing was a benefit for all staffs Employment of an individuals with decent leadership skills and with good interpersonal skills stabilizes staff relationship The rural location of the resort encounters low population for hiring staff members Most people discriminate the tourism sector because of its low payment Recruitment of employees is low due to small population size Leadership issues Organizational Structure Skills Development Teams and Teamwork Management Capabilities Its headed by a CEO who is the owner of the resort Besides the CEO, the resort has a general manager overseeing everyday operations including departmental managers Every staff membe r has to undergo training to develop their skills The resorts departments are divided into four each headed by a manger. The manager becomes the team leader of the department The resort was first run as a family â€Å"family team† which later became a problem Staff members do not stay on permanent basis Table 7. Technology Size-Up Strengths Weaknesses Technology concept and product Introducing DVDs/CDs was a good move to keep the visitors entertained just like in the urban areas. The concept of their comprehensive website provides quality information about the resort to those who visit it for any queries Not each person is conversant with new technologies Intellectual property issues Its competitive nature has increased the resorts ability to provide high value-added products and services at competitive price It Details company’s past experience to prove that the resort can execute on the opportunity It is not easy to put the company to b ank scrutiny Potential risk factors Expansion plans are promising to the growth of the business The expansion plans will have to surpass the internal challenges especially in the human resource department Table 8. Expansion decision Rationale and Risk Assessment Financial risk: Mitigated by: Financial planning, whereby the management laid out a good loan repayment schedule that would take close to 20 years to repay the loan easing stress on the shareholder. Market risk: Mitigated by: Developing a marketing mix that appeals tom customers and is up to date with competitors ensuring that ICI is more likely to succeed in the market Operations risk: Mitigated by: Hiring a good operations manager that is able to manage the employees and the heads of all, other department thus reducing conflict and enabling smooth flow of day to day activities. Construction risk: Mitigated by: By planning the entire construction process and assigning roles clearly to construction pe rsonnel in order ensure construction is according to schedule. Management risk: Mitigated by: Hiring qualified managers in all functional areas and hiring a professional operations manager to oversee management of the entire organization. This assessment on The Inn on Cortes Island was written and submitted by user Shiny Magpie to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

History of the HL-20 Essays

History of the HL-20 Essays History of the HL-20 Essay History of the HL-20 Essay Introduction In Aeronautics industries, the simulation does the cardinal function, because of the complexness. When we do the testing by paradigm it takes considerable clip, rather expensive, and hard to look into the consequences while change the parametric quantities. The ballistic capsule landing has an history with considerable practical and analytical job because of the unpredictable external-environmental parametric quantities i.e. conditions, air current. The HL 20 is the NASA designed theoretical account for a manned spaceplane, known as Crew Emergency Return Vehicle ( CERV ) or Personal Launching System ( PLS ) . The construct of the PLS has been developed to transport six to eight work forces to infinite stations.A Entire length - 8.9 m ( 29 pess )Maximal Diameter-wingtips - 7.2m ( 23.5 pess )Entire habitable volume - 16.3 M3Entire mass -A 10 884 kilogramEntire warhead - 545 kilogram hypertext transfer protocol: //ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19980169231_1998082126.pdf A lifting organic structure is fundamentally a wingless vehicle that flies due to the lift generated by the form of its fuselage. researchersA including Alfred Eggers at the NASA Ames Research Center conducted early air current tunnel experiments find that half of a rounded olfactory organ -cone form that was level on top and rounded on underside could bring forth Lift Drag ratio of approximately 1.5 to 1. Literature Survey History of the HL-20 After the second universe war the powerful states were viing to rule the revolution of the infinite universe, output in 1969 the America attained their first measure at Moon. After revolution in infinite universe, the demands to utilize the ballistic capsules are quickly increased in last decennaries. In 1983, Vehicle Analysis Branch began the probe of BOR little infinite plane being orbited several times by the Soviets get downing in 1982 and recovered at in the Indian Ocean and Black sea. During the recovery operations of the infinite plane in the Indian ocean, an Australian P-3 Orion aircraft obtained exposure of the vehicle both drifting in the H2O and being hauled aboard the recovery ship.A [ 2 ] . this provided the valuable penetrations into the form, weight, and centre of gravitation of the vehicle. Based on this information, little air current tunnel theoretical accounts were manufactured and tested by NASA.the consequences demonstrated that, the vehicle had got good Aerodynamic features throughout velocity scope from orbital entry interface to moo supersonic velocities. Wind tunnel trials configuration directional stableness at all velocity from Mach 20, trimmed to maximum L/D with 10 degree elevon warps in subsonic scope. Raising Body Heritage Raising organic structure constructs were proposed for transporting people to and from infinite in late fiftiess. In those yearss NASA Langley Research Center developed a lifting organic structure known as HL 10 it could transport 12 people and be launched on a Saturn IB supporter with about 15000lb of warhead to serve an orbiting infinite station. But the HL-20 design attack was received Dec 10 1992A rivision received Feb 15 1983accepted for the publication Feb 17 1993. [ 1 ] . The NASA Ames Research centre developed the M2-F2 lifting organic structure construct, for this mission whereas the US AirForce developed the X-24 lifting organic structure construct for military purposes.each of these constellations was propelled the extended research and air current tunnel testing. Very get downing of the research periods, the primary ends included the definition of constructs that would be reclaimable and have minimum operational renovation demands, low entry accelerations, fixed geometries, runway set downing capableness, and a lower limit of a once-per-day return capableness to the USA. The specific vehicles ends were the accomplishment of a Lift Drag ratio grater than 1 at hypersonic velocities, high trim-lift coefficient, Lift Drag ratio grater than 4 at subsonic velocities, high volumetric efficiency, inactive stableness and controllability of all velocities and of class compatibility with projected launch vehicle. [ 1 ] . HL 10 Lifting Body The vehicle length was 21.17 pess. The launch weight with propellents was 10 009 pound and the landing weight was 6473 pound, the centre of gravitation scope from 53.14 per centum of the organic structure length for the launch weight constellation to 51.82 per centum for the landing status. From: NASA Reference publication 1332 1994 HL-20 chronologies 1983 January 1-NASA Langley begins surveies taking to HL-20 The vehicle analysis subdivision began probe of the Soviet BOR-4 little theoretical accounts were tested in NASA air current tunnels and demonstrated that the vehicle had good aerodynamic features throughout the velocity scope orbital entry interface to moo supersonic velocities. The Soviet design had a 2400 kilometer cross-range capableness and outstandingly benign thermic profile at peak warming conditions. Therefore Langley adopted it as a baseline for a Crew Emergency Rescue Vehicle to backup or replace the bird after 1986 Challenger accident. 1989 October 1 -Rockwell Begins twelvemonth long contracted survey of HL-20 Rockwell International ( Space System Division ) began a year-long contracted attempt managed by the Langley Research Centre to execute in an in-depth survey of personal Logistics system design and operations with HL-20 construct as a baseline. The infinite plane would supplement the bird in support of the infinite station freedom. 1991 October 1 Lockheed Feasibility surveies of HL-20 Lockheed Advance Development Company began a survey to find the feasibleness of developing a paradigm and operational system. The survey aims were to entree proficient properties, to find flight making demands, and develop cost and agenda estimations. 1991 December 1 HL-20 Mock-up trials completed NASA, North Carolina State University and North Carolina A A ; T University built a all-out theoretical account of the HL-20 for human factors research on the construct. In the terminal, Space station Freedom became the International Space Station. As the initial crew exigency deliverance vehicle, the Russian Soyuz ballistic capsule was selected. However NASA, looking for a higher-capacity option and concern about dependable handiness of the Soyuz in the hereafter, did get down development of the X-38CERV in 1997. The X-38 was nevertheless based on the Johnson construct of parachute-assisted landing, and used the pure -USA X-24 raising organic structure form. History of simulation In last decennaries of the 20th century, AIAA Modeling and Simulation Technical Committee were affecting to develop the aircraft/spacecraft theoretical accounts. When they developed the simulations they had identified and include the basic simulation parametric quantities for airframe theoretical account such as map tabular arraies, block diagram, mathematical equation ( nonlinear partial equations ) and verification trial informations to look into the information before shear the information with another modal. The information should be able to construe to the standard format or codification by the internal designer of the simulation. In late ninetiess they developed candidate format to the aerodynamic subdivision of the simulation theoretical account i.e. if want to unclutter or interchange the informations, mathematical equations, definitions and the map tabular arraies are required. When we consider the HL-20 NASA model the aerodynamic theoretical account contains 51 variables such as 168 one and two dimensional tabular array, four breakpoint sets, and sum of 6240 informations point. It defines the end products for six aero dynamic coefficients i.e. Cx, Cy, Cz, Cl, Cm, Cn as a map in angles of onslaught ( AOA ) angle of slide ship, Mach figure, Airspeed and angular organic structure rate. This includes the non additive map as interpolated tabular arraies, switches and absolute value elements in the variable definitions. From Evaluation of a Candidate Flight Dynamics Model Simulation Standard Exchange Format E. Bruce Jackson*NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681 Bruce L. HildrethaˆSAIC, Lexington Park, MD 20653 Brent W. Yorkaˆ?Naval Air Systems Command, Patuxent River MD 20670 and William B. ClevelandAÂ §Northrop Grumman Information Technology, Moffett Field, CA 94035 Chapter 2 Theoretical analysis Modeling premises and restrictions The simulation of the ballistic capsule system is complicated system, so for easy work and analysis we assume the theoretical account or geometry of HL 20 as follows. HL 20 airframe is laterally symmetrical The airframe consists of three type of motion during winging i.e. the pitch motion, Yaw motion, and Roll motion. If we do nt pattern laterally symmetrical we are non able to pull off the steady province on turn overing motion. It makes more complicate. Therefore we assume the airframe is laterally symmetrical. It s incompressible i.e. the squeezability effects can be negligible The Mach figure is an of import parametric quantity in flight mechanics ; it can be calculated by the undermentioned equation Harmonizing above equation the Mach figure is depended on fluid speed. If the fluid can be compressible, the encircled fluid of the airspeed index speed ca nt be the same as outside fluid speed. And besides the squeezability can change with regard to the velocity of the airframe. Therefore we assume the fluid is incompressible. The airframe is stiff and consists of steady mass The airframe contains three chief constituents such as fuselage, wings, tail. If the airframe is non stiff the constituents can deform from the original form. So the minutes of the airframe can be varied due to the distortion. If they do nt dwell steady mass the force can change during the gesture of the airframe. It makes the fluctuation in the inactiveness. Therefore we assume that, the theoretical account is stiff and consists of steady mass. The control effectivity is varied nonlinearly with the angle of onslaught AOA, and linearly with the Angle of Deflection he environmental theoretical account is non-linear 6 grade of freedom. When we consider the ballistic capsule, there are four forces moving on it. By seting them we can command the airframe and glide it. Raising force The lifting force is produce by the dynamic consequence of the air moving on the aerofoil i.e. due to the force per unit area difference Bernoulli s principal. It acts perpendicular to the ballistic capsule s way through the Centre of lift, which depends on the form of the ballistic capsule and airspeed. If the airframe flies in the vacuumed infinite the lifting force is zero. Because the denseness tends to zero. Thrust force The forward force green goodss by the power works or propeller/rotor. It opposes or overcomes the force of drag.A As general regulation, it acts parallel to the longitudinal axis. For ballistic capsule traveling the thrust force must be exerted and be greater than drag force. The ballistic capsule has to travel until equalise the retarding force force by thrust force to keep the changeless speed.A The thrust force can be calculated by the undermentioned equation. If airframe flies in the vacuumed part there is no thrust force. Because mass of the air peers to zero. Drag force The retarding force force is a clash force, which is generated by the interaction and contact of the solid organic structure with fluid. We can cut down the retarding force force by theoretical account the appropriate form of the airframe. Drag force can be calculated by the undermentioned equation. Centre of gravitation By and large the ballistic capsule is design like a Kite, so we can anaysis the place of the gravitation by analysis the Centre of the gravitation of the kite. The merchandise of Centre of gravitation and weight peers the amount of the merchandises of the constituent weights and distances. i.eA W*cg= ? W*d So W*cg =WL*dL+ WF*dF+WW*dW+WU*dU The above diagram illustrates the mass distribution of the ballistic capsule. So, in order to alter the angle of falling we can utilize the weight favorably i.e. which associates the trust force during the landing but during the raising it acts on opposite way of the ballistic capsule path.A The co-ordinate system When we consider the infinite trade gestures, the gesture is calculated and guided harmonizing three sets of co-ordinate system. The air current axis o X axis positive in the way of the on-going air o Y axis positive to right ofA X axis perpendicular o Z axis positiveA downwards, perpendicularA to X-Y plane Inertial axis o X axis positive forward through olfactory organ of the aircraft/spacecraft o Y axis positive to compensate of X axis o Z axis positiveA downwards, perpendicularA to X-Y plane Earth axis o X axis positive in way of north o Y axis positive in the way of the East o Z axis positive towards the Centre of the Earth The communicating system Basic mechanism The ballistic capsule landing is a broad scope of analysis with several parametric quantities. Some of them related with ballistic capsule elements and radio detection and ranging system, some parametric quantities related with atmosphere/ environmental factors and some are related with the control system from the ground/ infinite station. The following tabular array illustrates the parametric quantities relationship. The ballistic capsule consists of several systems to observe the alterations in parametric quantities. Inactive Pressure system The ALT metre is functioned by the inactive force per unit area system and besides the airspeed index is functioned by the inactive force per unit area system and pilot force per unit area system. The inactive force per unit area system is placed opened to the outside of the airframe to feel the atmosphere force per unit area. The narrow gap is described as inactive port. This system has to fixed really accurately with the airframe, i.e. we have to see the all possible angle of onslaught and do certain the inactive force per unit area is really near to the atmosphere force per unit area. ALT metre The ALT metre is used to mensurate the height of the airframe. The ALT metre is calibrated to demo the force per unit area straight as an height above average sea degree harmonizing the International Standard Atmosphere ISA. The attitude Indicator It is besides known as unreal skyline, which gives the direction about the comparative attitude to the skyline. Harmonizing this information we can state that, whether the wings are flat and if the aircraft olfactory organ is indicating above or below to horizon. The airspeed index The airspeed index gives the airspeed. It functions by the inactive force per unit area and the pilot force per unit area system. The airspeed index besides calibrate for the sea degree atmosphere. When the temperature/pressure combination yields the denseness height higher than sea degree, the airspeed indicates the lower airspeed.A In other manus, if the denseness height is less than sea degree the airspeed index detects the faster airspeed. True airspeed True airspeed can be defined by, the comparative velocity of the airframe with regard to the air mass. The pilotage system is worked by garnering the true velocity and some other informations. The true airspeed can be calculated by the undermentioned equation. Indicated airspeed The airspeed index ASI works harmonizing the Pitot tubing rule. It reads straight by the airspeed index and besides it is straight related with graduated airspeed. Calibrated airspeed The airspeed index has got two types of mistakes such as in instrument mistake, and place mistake. After correct those mistakes, the airspeed index will demo the new value, which is called graduated airspeed. The CAS can be calculated by the undermentioned equation. True height The true height is measured by the airframe from average sea degree, but unluckily the airframe ca nt mensurate the true height. It can mensurate merely indicated height. During the landing i.e. attack really near to anchor the indicated latitude is really near to the true height. Indicated height The indicated height is straight measured by the ALT metre of the airframe. It is utile to keep the terrain/obstacle clearance and keep the perpendicular separation to following airframe that passes over the airframe. Pressure height When the airframe flies above 18000 pess with high velocity ( subsonic velocity or hypersonic velocity ) , acquiring up-to-date ALT metre scene is non practically possible. And besides we ca nt presume the Indicated height is same as true height due to the high difference between them by the high above describing Stationss. So the force per unit area altitudeA A does non incorporate terrain, it consists merely perpendicular separation. Absolute height The absolute height means the tallness of the airframe from the land. If the airframe flies over the coastal country the absolute height is same as true height. But if the airframe flies over the hill the absolute height is changing with the fluctuation of the tallness of mountain. This is really of import to forestall from the airframe clangs with land. Density height The lifting force is depends on the denseness atmosphere, during the winging the the denseness is changing with the height alterations. And besides the engine wants O for the burning, if the denseness of air decreases the concentration of the O in air besides lessening. So it makes the Chemically Oxygen Demand ( COD ) consequence, Yield the engine generates less power so the thrust force can be decreased. So the denseness height is used to detect and keep the air denseness of encircled air. From hypertext transfer protocol: //www.meretrix.com/~harry/flying/notes/altitudes.html The impetus angle The impetus angle means the angle between longitude and the way of the airframe. The impetus index measures the impetus angle. The header Index The header index is besides known as directional gyro or gyro compass. It displays the aircraft header belongs the geographical North. The horizontal Situation Indicator can be replacing to the header index. Turn index The bend index measures the way of turnings and the rate of turnings. The quality of bend is besides can be discernible by utilizing the bend index. Slats Slate is a instrument fixed at the aerodynamic surface of the taking border in wings. It used to alter the wings shape unnaturally to do higher angle of onslaught. Slates contribute the safety and decelerate taking off or landing. Static Air Temperature The inactive air temperature is measured by specially modified temperature mounded on the airframe surface. The investigation is designed to convey the air to rest relation to the airframe i.e. the velocity of the air is same as airframe s velocity. But practically the air is seemed as tight ( Adiabatic procedure ) . So the entire temperature is bigger than the inactive temperature. The relationship between the inactive temperature and entire temperature is given by the undermentioned equation. Pitch Axial rotation Yaw Basic depressions and Principles During the flying clip the airframe is hold in the air due to the raising force. There are several account for the coevals of the raising force. By and large the proponentsA of the statements belong into two topographic points. Bernoulli s rule Newton s postion Bernoulli s rule The Bernoulli s rules states that addition in the velocity of the fluid occurs at the same time with a lessening in force per unit area or lessening in a fluid s possible energy. The Bernoulli s rule can be applicable for incompressible laminar flow. It can be describes in mathematical signifier as follows. Newton s first low The organic structure at remainder will stay at remainder and a organic structure in a gesture will go on in consecutive line gesture unless subjected to an external applied force. Newton s 3rd low For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

Rhetorical Analysis paper on air pollution in China Essay

Rhetorical Analysis paper on air pollution in China - Essay Example King’s goal is to convince the audience that air pollution in China paves way for new opportunities of investment and profitability. King has adopted the style of a guide in the article for the audience. In this article, King has made a very structured approach to guide the audiences through his argument in that he has also proposed how to approach the topic; he has suggested what to think at a particular point while reading the article as â€Å"Hold that thought, while you consider another point† (King, 2013). Likewise, he says, â€Å"I'll discuss this in a moment. First, however, let's take a look at† (King, 2013). Not only does King suggest the audiences when to think what, but he also openly tells which point needs more thinking and which should just be ignored; â€Å"And don't chuckle at that idea† (King, 2013). He has used this structured and guided-thought strategy to make the audiences think exactly on the lines that he wants them to think on so that by the time they reach the article’s end, they consent with what King that it is possible to make profit from the rising level of air pollution in China. King has emphasized on particular words and incorporated emotional appeals in the article by using different word formatting to reflect their importance e.g. â€Å"Bad means BAD† (King, 2013).... Occasionally, King has exaggerated problems to make the audience see through his lens e.g. â€Å"the words 'air pollution' and China are almost one and the same† (King, 2013); obviously they are not the same for had they been same, they would have been synonyms. One can sense the high level of sarcasm embedded at several such points in the article. At another point, King says, â€Å"drivers can't see where they're going† (King, 2013); obviously it is very unlikely for the air pollution to rise to a level where the drivers can even not see where they are going. However, these effects do make the article more interesting and help the audience understand the gravity of the problem which is one of the goals of King. In order to emphasize his argument, King has made use of numerous examples that suggest rise in the air pollution in China. These examples include but are not limited to increase in the number of road accidents, delayed flights because of low visibility from air pollution, clogging of hospitals in Beijing from people suffering from lung ailments, cancellation of the outdoor activities by schools, and stores running short of out-face masks. These examples reflect as pictures in the minds of the audience as they read the article. While King notes several statistics to show rise in the air pollution in China e.g. reading for air pollution given by the air monitor on top of the US Embassy in Beijing, China and its comparison to the average reading to show how far pollution has exceeded, King has not given in-text citations or a references section to facilitate the audience in locating the sources of the statistics he uses. There are several points where he has made statements without supporting them with adequate sources. For example, King says, â€Å"The worst of

IT Governance in the School of Professional and Continuing Education Dissertation

IT Governance in the School of Professional and Continuing Education Of ABC University - Dissertation Example The world of business is becoming more and more digital, computer-based, and interconnected by a network and accessible to the national and global communities. It is imperative for an organization like the ABC University to see the value of Information Technology (IT) as a strategic resource so that all investments related to IT will have maximum returns in terms of increasing the value of the school in the minds of society. Nicholas Carr (2003, p.1), Harvard Business Review Editor, believes that as a result of ready availability of IT resources, the key purpose of IT has ceased to be for purposes of discovering opportunities and gaining competitive advantages. Instead, he says it should â€Å"focus on reducing risk† (p.1). This means having good governance of security for the data and minimizing costs of maintaining and utilizing IT for strategy development. Rajiv Kohli and Sarv Devaraj (2004, p. 53) recommended 4 phases that will give value to IT, and called it the AIAC Fram ework. This stood for the processes of Alignment, Involvement, Analysis, and Communication. Details of the each process are shown in the appended AIAC Framework Model. See Figure 1. In the course of research, analysis, and planning, the ABC University IT Governance will be reviewed in terms of the processes in this framework. Although there are many other frameworks that are available, the AIAC will be utilized primarily because it aims to quantify the value of IT governance. However, there will be modifications to include those recommended by other frameworks and are not found in the ALAC framework. Information technology serves the role of a strategic partner instead of only a technology provider. The IT Governance Institute (ITGI, 2003) believes that effective IT Governance helps to ensure that IT supports business goals and optimizes business

Culture’s will to copy Essay Example for Free

Culture’s will to copy Essay Globalization process is viewed as a means through which one can ratify often in extremely idealized form a account of oneself or culture that is observed as old or even origin but can lastly be realized: through these new means, one can become what one thinks one actually is (even if one never was). What might be trait of the Internet is that this ‘realization’ is certainly ‘expansive’. Globalization process has an emancipator technology ‘Internet’ that is indefensible as the structural design of the technology harbors an instinctive class prejudice and other shades of power entitlements. Computers are intended and programmed by members of the elite culture and might imitate their cultural orientations and biases. For example, the wordsmith and semantic skills requisite to functions computers do not put up the cultural orientations of several marginal electorates. As Laikwan Pang, Cultural Control in journal said, â€Å"Culture’s will to copy [is] fuelled by the globalization process, which drives’ the world to desire similar but different products, to acquire similar but different tastes†. (Laikwan Pang, Cultural Control, p8). Globalization is as well redefining societies and restructuring society into new forms of social networks. New standards and terms for private and proficient relationships are promising (Buck 1996; Gates 1995; Baym 1995). The London Times (June 17, 1996) stated: People in every kinds of career categories need to recognize how to use this tool so as to get ahead starting now. Admittance to the information freeway might establish to be less a question of dispensation or position than one of the fundamental capability to function in a democratic society. Admittance to the cyberspace might very well establish how well people are knowledgeable, the type of job they ultimately get, and how they are retrained if they mislay their job, how much access they have to their government and how they will be taught about important issues concerning them and the country. (Ratan 1995: 25) Moreover, global media is not repressed by the intrinsic biases apparent in sexism, racism, and classism establish in face-to-face encounters. As a substitute, the global media presents a discussion that supports broad partaking and underlines merit over class. Practical communities permit secluded individuals to converse in a manner that protects them from the social prospect and sanctions linked with physically distinct communities (Turtle 1995). Virtual societies are unified and significant social aggregations that permit people to take on in adequate relations to form personal and group relations (Rheingold 1993). Global media represents Hollywood that spins around the analysis of Hollywoods division of labor, what the authors call the New International Division of Cultural Labor (NICL). This division of labor is certainly international because U. S. film exports have reached $11 billion, and Hollywoods proportion of the world market is double what it was in 1990 (Miller et al. , 2001, pp. 4-5). Global sales have become so significant that in 2001 the studios take apart their international offices to run all global distribution from their headquarters. The authors argue that Hollywoods command of the NICL distinguishes Hollywood from other industries that are increasingly globalizing. The entire book focuses on answering this question: Is Hollywood really giving the people of the world what they want, or does it operate via a brutal form of monopoly-capitalist business practice? (p. 15). Global Hollywood maintains that Hollywoods global authority is due to the clout of its allocation, legal, and economic structures, as opposed to a combination of advantages resultant from the diversity of its domestic audience and its narrative transparency. As this argument has been frequently made by proponents of the cultural imperialism thesis, Miller and his colleagues take a fresh approach that focuses on what they call occasionality (p. 13), which is defined as the specific `uptake of a text by a community (p. 177). Amongst other innovations, the authors focus on the role of audience, and on the idea of rights, while bringing the significant issue of cultural hybridist to political economic analysis. In the short space of twenty five years somewhat which started as US defense inventiveness has developed into the major communications means for the academic and investigates community and most newly has prolonged into a main business tool for the marketable sector. The Internet has developed throughout this period from being a vigorous and effectual way of exchanging information to offering a delivery means for immense amounts of multimedia information to a global audience. While individuals began to use the global media for worldwide communication, its profound effect on how we treat information transfer, organization, and development could not have been anticipated. Internet communication applications permit rapid and simple copy, revision, and transfer of information in textual, visual, and auditory forms. Though the assortments of participants who access it do not all the time agree on whether information must be cosseted or shared, the majority of the Internet community uses, copies, and transfers the information there without restraint. The Internet is a medium for activating ideological consideration; World Wide Web (Web) documents holding multiple links to diverse authors sites as well as e-mail posts restraining various writers materials reify the theory that knowledge is raised from numerous sources. But commercial units that use the Internet to promote products and spend in the materials that they load to the Web desire to keep their digitized materials from copy, revision, and transfer. The corporal operation of the Internet forms a forum where oppositional views concerning control of information collide. The extreme nature of the Internet supports a clash between the constructionist ideology that symbolizes the academic humanist community and the Romantic beliefs that symbolizes traditional legal community. This junction amongst humanistic studies, the intellectual property law, and the Internet, joined with their attendant communities, engenders conflicts in thought and exploit and offers a generous basis from which to investigate intellectual property and information control. Though participants in humanist, legal, and global media communities retain varied ideological beliefs and goals, their common interests meet in forming and treating communicative terms, whether textual, digital, or auditory. More significant, these communities of participants, communally, through socially raised ideologies, contribute in creating approaches toward authorship, possession, and property, and eventually, in generating the power to form and manage knowledge. The dealings amongst these areas can be viewed practically and hypothetically. Globalization, therefore, can tell us diverse stories of the nation state, developing it are relationally and challenged internal and external boundaries. There would be few people concerned in globalization who would, as Green (1997:157) seems to propose, believe that ‘the nation state was disappearing’, even if it’s taken-for-granted status comes to be issued and attempts at self-reproduction become increasingly transparent. The spatial-temporal location of the nation-state is itself brought to the fore by globalization. Globalization is frequently taken to have a single course or logic that results in an augmented uniformity transversely the globe. However, despite the influential effects of international capital and international media corporations, this is not sustainable and is not the stance adopted here. To presume that globalization is about, or results in, homogenization is to abridge the processes at work and, in a sense, to distance oneself from the very composite effects on space, place and uniqueness that globalizing processes bring to the fore. As Giddens (1990) among others suggests, as globalization has resulted in the spread of ‘Western’ institutions across the globe, that very drift produces a pressure for local independence and identity. In other words, globalization is concerning examining places as concurrently traversed by the global and local in ways that have been strengthened by the modern compression of space and time. Thus, alongside the global accessibility of satellite television, McDonald’s and Arnold Schwarznegger films, there is the confirmation of, for instance, local, regional and ethnic identities. Certainly, some transnational companies have overtly adopted strategies of ‘globalization’, expanding their influence around the globe, as situating themselves and their products and services within the local conditions. These might be a response to global influences, but they are however part of globalization and not a refutation of it. What this suggests is that in modern times the local is as much a condition for globalization as the global; space and place are negotiated by the global-local nexus of globalizes space-time compressions. ‘Time-space distanciation, disembedding, and reflexivity mean that composite relationships develop between local activities and communication across distances’ (Waters 1995:50). The assimilation of the globe reconfigures rather than supersedes diversity. Globalization ‘does not essentially imply homogenization or integration. Globalization simply implies greater connectedness and de-territorialisation’ (Waters 1995:136). This problematisation argues that a particular Eurocentric culture can no longer be measured an ‘authentic, self-evident and true universal culture in which all the world’s people ought to believe’ (Lemert 1997:22)—a position which of course itself would not command universal acquiesce. The cultural renaissance resultant from decolonization is the new face of autonomy in international law. Old definitions of freedom focusing on ethnic separation and tight territorial boundaries are becoming ever more outdated. The most interesting and pioneering ideas concerning self-determination are presently being developed by indigenous peoples. Theoretical discussions of prejudice, identity, individuality and universalism might seem remote and incoherent from harsh realities. But these debates do reveal why human rights themselves can spell awful trouble for indigenous peoples. The effects of human rights, intellectual property, transformation and self-determination based on evidently universal ideas of individuality and nationality can consequence in the death of indigenous communities. This is not a current phenomenon. It is the experience of colonization for too many people. And yet, international human rights discourse can also give a mechanism for anti-colonial struggles and the protection of indigenous rights, as the UN Working Group on Indigenous Populations would certainly support. Nowhere is the inconsistency of human rights, culture and individualism as explicit as it is with the rights of indigenous peoples. Moreover, the practical view offers questions and answers to the nuts and bolts of each day treatment of intellectual property power issues. Though interpretive in nature, the practical deportment is rule-based, centered in issues concerning the assortment of original works noted under the law and formative infringement of copyright. An extensive variety of individuals use and produce copyrighted materials in their daily work, often ignorant of the consequences of their actions for probable infringement of the work of others or infringement by others of their own work. Engineers, technical communicators, computer scientists, architects, scientists, and educators, among others who characterizes our diverse national workforce, use and turn out intellectual products such as manual, applications, progress reports, yearly reports, analytical reports, and other technical documents. They as well form non-textual informational materials such as photographs and hand drawn graphics, software, videos, and multimedia products. Additionally, numerous creators acquire information through the global media, together with digital communications such as e-mail and data blocks, as well as graphics, video clips, and sound bytes. Workplace inventors might not be conscious of the special category of law that restrains the rights in the work they turn out. Equally agency laws and the â€Å"work for hire† set of guidelines, which falls under copyright law, state writers rights to their work and treat questions explicit to employees. Educators, particularly, are facing ever more intricate questions concerning forming and using materials for teaching. besides creating workplace products, educators also develop materials for classes in the forms of instructor package that comprise works copied from anthologies and journals, handouts, tests, and instructional transparencies or websites that might be derived from sources formed by other instructors or authors in their fields. The legal argument over what is considered infringement in using these â€Å"course packets† is massive. Instructors might also covet to use materials acquired from the global media. The customary treatment of global media sources as â€Å"free use† forms fussy questions concerning what constitutes infringement in the digital ground. There is also enduring debate over the capability of a browser merely to access a World Wide Web site devoid of infringement. Several legal analysts indicate that the National Information Infrastructures White Paper comprises language that, if construed closely, would forbid admittance to intellectual property on the Internet although the same intellectual property would be available if it were in the shape of print media. For instance, a stringent interpretation of the National Information Infrastructures (NII) White Paper would forbid the mere act of opening a file and reading it on the Internet as the act of producing text in digitized form needs making a â€Å"copy† of the original work. Though the White Paper was formed in 1996, its protectionist stance echoed in legislative development of copyright protection, wherein the No Electronic Theft Act (1998) criminalizes copyright violation and the Sonny Bono Copyright Extension Act (1999) expands copyright protection for a further twenty years. In light of the more and more preventive treatment of copyrighted materials, instructors might be confused over whether they can make non-infringing uses of World Wide Web materials for classroom uses at all (Strong, William S. 1990). Increasingly, numerous instructors inquire students to copy and develop sources procured from the Internet, such as interactions from UseNet News, Internet Relay Chat, and MOOs, and graphics or text files that they can download from the World Wide Web. Though fair use does not converse directly to questions concerning the Internet, it still controls questions of infringement within educational settings. Courts should instigate to apply fair use to issues that are convoluted by use of technology to give new instruction, but until then, prospective litigants looking for answers to complex legal questions must gain a clear considerate of existing law as the best means to recognize its possible interpretation in cases treating issues concerning the Internet. We can say that with the increasing use of internet the issue of Copyright infringement is also become very common. â€Å"Infringement is a breach of the rights of a copyright holder by copying, performing, publishing, displaying, or creating a copied work from an expression protected under copyright† (Strong, William S. 1990). Infringement can take the form of a photocopy, scanned digitization, or other mechanically formed copy, but it can as well take place in videotape, audiotape, performance, or exhibit of a copyrighted work. Providing evidence infringement is at times a complex process, needing that the belligerent party first found a right to control the copyright of the work, then that he or she proves that the work has been infringed. Infringement is further hard to prove while the accused infringer has distorted the work to such a degree that it is hard to sustain the considerable similarity argument and while the initiative and the expression are so wholly merged that use of the idea, which is obtainable in public domain, is corresponding to use of the expression. A more widespread defense aligned a claim of infringement; however, is the scenes a faire principle, which argues that general means of expression of ideas cannot be infringement of anothers work. A typical example is the formal report format used in technical documents. In this case, the means of expression has turn so widespread to the business worlds cultural scaffold of understanding that its use summons connotative expression itself, much similar to a classification of â€Å"technical report. † Copyright infringement elevates legal issues for Internet service providers as well as other global media caught up in network management. The law emerges to be moving away from strict accountability toward a new typical of actual knowledge (Packard, 1998). In the Digital Millennium Copyright Act, ISPs are not legally responsible for copyright infringement if the bringer does not have definite knowledge that the material or an activity using the material on the system or network is infringing (Copyright Law of the United States of America and Related Laws Contained in Title 17 of the United States Code, Circular 92 Pub. L. 105 304, Sec. 512 [c]). Though, upon attaining such knowledge or wakefulness, the provider should act expeditiously to eliminate, or hinder access to, the material. This stipulation has free-expression insinuations. Copyright law is a moderately recent phenomenon based on the supposition that inspired intellectual property desires to be protected and rewarded (Packard, 1998). By distinguishing that online services cannot scrutinize their content for infringing material and function professionally, Congress has given them a green light to expand to their full prospective (p. 37). The copyright extension for elite ownership for ninety-five years, up from twenty-eight years in the original 1790 law, has been dared in court by Eldritch Press. Under the new law, the publisher would be requisite to eradicate work that has been in the public domain under the preceding limit of seventy-five years. The global media and its technologies have offered fertile view for the creation of new communication technologies. Inventors functioning on such troubles as digital compression as well as network data-transfer speeds need patent protection to be capable to expand new products. Information technology has also taken a diversity of patent suits as inventors extend the new industry. Lucent Technologies, for example, sued Cisco Systems and indicted it of infringing eight digital networking patents. Cisco then charged that Lucent violated three of its patents. Lucent holds thousands of patents on former Bell Lab and ATT research operations, and analysts feared that the aggressive action by Lucent was threatening to smaller high-tech companies. Computer-chip giant Intel called a patent infringement action by TechSearch a nuisance lawsuit (Packard, 1998). As technology continues to become more multifaceted and consistent, patent disputes are probable to propagate. Generally, most patent cases do not have a substantive collision on free expression. Thus the main features of the global media regime are linked to infringement and intellectual property concerns. The strategy for these aspects of the establishment is the principle that the costs of Internet-related infrastructural development shall be borne mainly by the private sector and the standard those governments shall entrust themselves to economic liberalization, privatization, and regulatory programs dependable with this and other regime principles. As the utmost basis of legal conflict is that between authors and users rights, the most significant policy issue is cared for specifically in the Constitutions intellectual property stipulation. The goal of the copyright act is to make sure free speech and the progression of knowledge through our legitimate protection of the right to distribute information. The unique constitutional provisions designate the intent to make sure the expansion of knowledge in civilization based in a congressional grant to authors of a partial monopoly of rights in their works: The fair use stipulation makes clear that the key goal of the statute is to support learning. These changes notwithstanding, the divergence between authors rights and the goal to encourage knowledge, inner to the copyright debate since its setting up, continues. Sadly, the public policy issue is frequently ignored in respect to concerns over economic interests. The everyday application of law essentially focuses on treating conflict between individuals. Lawyers are trained specially to congregate the needs of the legal system and are inexpensively supported by their work in this area. However the policy issues following the statute are really most significant to us as educators and to our society as a whole because those who manage the development of knowledge in a culture eventually establish who we are as a people. Philosophy and the goals that convoy it drive our view of policy issues. Thought determines how we view authorship, possession, and property and eventually affects not only how intellectual property law is proscribed but how information and communication that are inner to the dialogic processes within the nation are proscribed, as well as decisive who controls them. An assessment of ideological choices in request to intellectual property thus renders significant understanding of the probable effect of the law on our cultural future. Gaining a considerate of intellectual property issues is inner to understanding our rights as users and producers of knowledge. The actions we acquire to influence egalitarian access to information can have enduring ramifications for society, as authorship makes control, control generates authority, and authority generates power. We must take every step needed to ensure that the controlling voices of the few but authoritative are reasonable by the yet-unheard voices of the weaker multitudes. Reference: Baym N. K. 1995. The emergence of community in computer-mediated communication. In S. G. Jones, ed. , CyberSociety: Computer-Mediated Communication and Community. Thousand Oaks, Calif. : Sage Publications, pp. 13863. Buck K. 1996. Community organizing and the Internet. Neighborhood Works, 19, 2, p. 2. Copyright Law of the United States of America and Related Laws Contained in Title 17 of the United States Code, Circular 92 Pub. L. 105 304, Sec. 512 [c] Gates B. 1995. The Road Ahead. New York: Viking Giddens, A. (1990) The Consequences of Modernity, Cambridge: Polity Press. Green, A. (1997) Education, Globalisation and the Nation State, London: Macmillan. http://www. washingtonwatchdog. org/rtk/documents/cong_hearings/senate/107/senatehearing107_77094. html http://www/stephenking. com Laikwan Pang`s 2005 article `Copying Kill Bill` social Text, No. 83, 133-153. London Times, June 17, 1996. Packard A. (1998). Infringement or impingement: Carving out an actual knowledge defense for sysops facing strict liability, Journalism Mass Communication Monographs, no. 168 (December). Ratan S. 1995. Time (spring):25-26. Rheingold H. 1993. The Virtual Community: Homesteading on the Electronic Frontier. Reading, Mass. : Addison-Wesley. Strong, William S. The Copyright Book: A Practical Guide. Cambridge: MIT P, 1990. Toby Miller et. al, 2001 `Hollywood`s Global Rights` in Toby Miller et. al. , Global

The Louvre :: Essays Papers

The Louvre T h e A r t M u s e u m s of P a r i s Paris is renowned worldwide for its art museums. There are so many, each with its own unique pieces of art, this report will only cover two of Paris’ most famous museums. Which are of course The Louvre and Museum d’Orsay. The Louvre History The Louvre was originally built in 1190 AD as a fortress for protection to the city of Paris during the Crusades. It was a fortress for nearly 500 years until it became an elegant palace. By the 1400’s France’s Royalty gathered at The Louvre to enjoy banquets and tournaments. Elaborate gardens were added along with an aviary and many wild, exotic animals. In 1415 France was captured by the British and The Louvre was ravaged by vandals. It fell into disrepair and was left unoccupied for nearly 150 years. This is when Francis the first tore down the original structure and erected an exquisite and prosperous palace. Every king since then on added an addition to The Louvre. It also served as their home until the French Revolution of 1789. The Louvre officially became a museum in 1793. The government opened it to the public which no longer meant art was only available to the upper-class. All through the previous centuries the government had collected priceless pieces of art and now displayed them in The Louvre. The collection was growing so big that more buildings had to be built to display the great and precious collection that was accumulated over so many years. This period was known as â€Å"The Restoration† as Napoleon established remodeling of the interior and exterior of the Louvre and eliminated all the shops that filled the Louvre from the 18th century. The Louvre Today Today The Louvre is one the World’s most famous Art Museums. It houses many famous masterpieces such as: The Mona Lisa Winged Victory of Samothrace Venus De Milo The Seated Scribe

Communication Memo

|To: |Dana Donnley, Director of Employee Communication. | |From: |Rey, Employee Communication Manager. | |Date: |March, 8th 2013. | |Ref: |Confidential: Employee Communication Strategy | | |Proposal for the Whirlpool Corporation Employee | | |Wellness Program. | | | | . Background. Whirlpool Corporation (hereinafter the â€Å"Company†) is facing financial problems, and therefore has decided to lower the insurance benefits expenses of its employees. As stated in the Bain & Company’s memorandum dated February 28th 2013, there is a direct correlation between the amount of money spent by the Company on insurance benefits and their wellness. Not only that, but also having healthier employees boosts their productiveness.As a consequence, the Company has included within its Human Resources strategy to offer and persuade its employees (and their spouses) to get in the headquarters a free mini-physical test, denominated the Employee Wellness Program, whereby the height, weight, blood pressure, and vital signs of the employees are measured (the â€Å"EWP†). This means only a routine exam that tests various bodily functions and reflexes, giving as an aftermath a diagnostic of the employee’s general condition.As a result of such test several diseases can be detected in their early stages, giving the employee the advantage of an early treatment, and the company its savings on insurance benefits payments. Whirlpool Corporation is heavily Unionized as a consequence of a responsible leadership of its authorities. 2. Query. You have consulted me in order to draw and structure strategy that the Company should carry out in order to communicate the employees the aforementioned EWP. 3. Response:We propose a multistep strategy that takes fully advantage of the prestige of the Company’s Union, and involves it directly to inform and persuade employees to perform the medical test. Also, main concerns should be specifically addressed, such as the confi dential matter of the information, its propose, and the fact that taking the medical test is voluntary. 4. Foundations of the Response: From a Human Resources standpoint the EWP should be managed carefully to avoid that the employees (and the Union) get confused regarding the real intention of it. In general terms, the communication should be simple, forceful and straightforward.However, some issues should be specially addressed, in order to avoid confusions. These are: 1. The Test is Voluntary. It should be pointed out that the medical test is voluntary, since employees could otherwise interpret it as a coercive measure by the Company. 2. Scope and Benefits of the Test. The communication should also explain the scope of the test, so the employees are sure what to expect when they take it. Also its benefits should be mentioned. 3. Confidentiality of the Information. In spite of being arguments against it[1], I am convinced that this point should be specifically addressed in the comm unication.There should not be doubt about it within the workforce. Also, a mention to the Professional Secrecy legal obligation should be done to reinforce the Company’s commitment to respect it. Hence, the only person to get the result of the test is the employee itself (therefore the Company does not get the information). 4. Use and Propose of the Information. It should also be pointed out that the only purpose of making such medical test is to get a diagnostic of the employee’s general condition for his own benefit and use. . Meeting with the Union. I believe that the Union’s prestige within the vast majority of the employees should be taken advantage of. Therefore, Union leaders should be called for a meeting and deeply informed about the EWP. In such meeting, special emphasis should be given in order to highlight the medical benefits for the employees that the EWP could have. Also, the Company should argue therein, that the only purpose of the meeting is to inform the Union and address its doubts and concerns. 6. Role of the Union.Having performed an informative meeting with the Union, I assume that it will have a very active role informing employees without any request from the Company whatsoever. In fact, for many employees, the Union has more credibility than management. Hence, by involving the Union with the communication, it will be the primary source of calm for many of the employees. In addition, it could advise employees of any legal consequence of a misuse of such information by the Company, which would have strong costs for it (could be considered an abusive dismissal). 7. The Test is Free.This should be explicit within the communication. 8. Spouses of Employees. As stated above, the EWP also includes the spouses of employees. However, in the communication to be delivered, no reference should be made in such regard, since it could be interpreted as intrusive. Therefore, only for those who accept taking the test a verbal exte nsion of the invitation should be performed to their spouses. 9. Formality of the Communication. I advise you to communicate the EWP to the employees via e-mail, since by communicating it by a more formal mean would only give this issue more significance that it has. 10. Further Details.It also should be address specifically that if anyone has any doubt or wants further information about the medical test, should contact either someone at the Human Resources department or at the Union. 11. Other Factors Taken into Consideration. Intimate employee information and its use are of critical importance to maintain an excellent employee-employer relationship. Not only that, but also their productivity is at risk if the message is misunderstood or the information is misused. In that regard, the confidence that the Company has built over the years with its employees can be destroyed in days, if the situation is not managed properly.I remain at your disposal for any further information that yo u may deem necessary. Yours truly, Rey. Employee Communication Manager. ———————– [1] It could be argued that by specifically addressing that the information will remain confidential could provoke a concern on employees, that otherwise would not be concerned. Nevertheless, we doubt that this would be the situation in the majority of the cases. We are convinced that most of the employees would be concerned about the topic, if a commitment of the Company declaring that information confidential were not made.